Skip to content

# Top 10 Automotive Security Vulnerabilities

This document outlines common security vulnerabilities found in automotive security and provides examples of how attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities.

## 1. Weak Vehicle Communication Protocols

Vulnerability: Many vehicles use communication protocols like CAN (Controller Area Network) without adequate security measures.
Example: An attacker could intercept messages on the CAN bus, leading to unauthorized commands being sent to critical vehicle systems (e.g., brakes, steering).
Attack Surface: In-vehicle networks and any exposed diagnostic ports.

## 2. Insecure Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates

Vulnerability: OTA updates may lack proper authentication and encryption, allowing attackers to inject malicious firmware.
Example: An attacker could spoof an update server and deliver a malicious update that compromises the vehicle's control systems.
Attack Surface: Wireless communication channels, including cellular and Wi-Fi.

## 3. Insecure Telematics Systems

Vulnerability: Telematics units that connect vehicles to cloud services may have insufficient security controls.
Example: An attacker exploiting weak API security could access sensitive vehicle data or manipulate vehicle settings remotely.
Attack Surface: Cloud interfaces, telematics gateways, and mobile applications.

## 4. Software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability: Third-party software components may have known vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
Example: If a vehicle’s infotainment system relies on a vulnerable third-party library, an attacker could exploit that vulnerability to execute arbitrary code.
Attack Surface: Infotainment systems, vehicle software updates, and any integrated third-party applications.

## 5. Physical Access Exploits

Vulnerability: Physical access to the vehicle can allow attackers to manipulate systems directly.
Example: An attacker with physical access could connect a malicious device to the OBD-II port to alter vehicle settings or firmware.
Attack Surface: Diagnostic ports, service stations, and unsecured vehicle access.

## 6. Inadequate Access Control Mechanisms

Vulnerability: Weak or poorly implemented access control measures can allow unauthorized access to vehicle systems.
Example: A driver might gain unauthorized access to administrative functions through a poorly secured mobile app.
Attack Surface: Mobile applications, vehicle interfaces, and internal network connections.

## 7. Poorly Implemented Authentication Mechanisms

Vulnerability: Many automotive systems use weak authentication methods, making it easier for attackers to gain unauthorized access.
Example: If a vehicle’s mobile app uses easily guessable passwords, an attacker could log in and change vehicle settings or track location.
Attack Surface: Mobile applications, web interfaces, and vehicle systems that allow remote access.

## 8. Data Leakage and Privacy Violations

Vulnerability: Vehicles often collect extensive data, which can be inadequately protected.
Example: An unsecured data transmission channel could expose sensitive user data, such as location history and personal preferences, to eavesdroppers.
Attack Surface: Data transmission channels, cloud storage, and interfaces with third-party services.

## 9. Lack of Security in Integrated Systems

Vulnerability: The integration of various systems (e.g., infotainment, navigation) can create vulnerabilities if not properly secured.
Example: An attacker could exploit a vulnerability in the infotainment system to gain access to the vehicle’s control systems through interconnected components.
Attack Surface: Interconnected vehicle systems, APIs, and communication channels between systems.

## 10. Insecure Legacy Systems

Vulnerability: Many vehicles still use legacy systems with outdated security protocols.
Example: An attacker could exploit known vulnerabilities in older vehicle models that have not been patched, gaining control over critical systems.
Attack Surface: Older vehicle models, diagnostic tools, and maintenance interfaces.